
The Game Changers Metal Gear Solid and Halo composers Nobuko Toda '03 and Kazuma Jinnouchi '02 talk about the paths to their careers and what it takes to level up in the video-game industry.
By
Kimberly Ashton
November 26, 2022
Nobuko Toda 03 and Kazuma Jinnouchi 02
Image by James Day
In 2006, Nobuko Toda '03 was working on the music for the fourth installment of the blockbuster video game franchise Metal Gear Solid when she called her former classmate Kazuma Jinnouchi '02 to ask him to help her score the project.
Jinnouchi, who at the time was an arranger and indie pop-rock guitarist gigging around Tokyo, hadn't done any professional work as a screen scorer. Moreover, years prior, as a new student at Berklee, he had dropped any nascent idea he had harbored of pursuing film scoring after feeling overwhelmed by an introductory class. Sure he wasn't up to the task, Jinnouchi declined Toda's offer.
But Toda knew what Jinnouchi could bring to the project. As students, the two often had found themselves in the same classes and would listen to each other's music and give feedback. After graduation, they stayed in touch and occasionally worked together. In addition to knowing the quality of Jinnouchi's musical ideas, Toda knew that he was capable of working long hours in a demanding production environment, which is just what she needed in a collaborator on Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots.
All the orchestral things I could just teach him afterward, Toda said during a recent interview from Tokyo.
Swayed by his friend's insistence, Jinnouchi went through the demo process at Konami Digital Entertainment, makers of Metal Gear Solid, and got the job. The only thing left to do was to learn how to score a game. All these scoring things were so new to me, so Nobuko pretty much taught me how to write to the visual, Jinnouchi said.
The game was a hit, and the two continued to work together for the next five years as in-house composers at Konami subsidiary Kojima Productions. In 2011, Jinnouchi left the company to join the team making the latest Halo game, one of the industry's most famous franchises, at Microsoft's 343 Industries. A member of the in-house audio team, Jinnouchi served as an additional composer, music editor, music director, and music programmer on Halo 4, and brought in Toda, who was by then a freelancer, as an orchestrator and score producer.
For the next release in the franchise, Halo 5: Guardians, Jinnouchi was the composer, and Toda was the game's orchestrator and executive music producer. That game was the biggest Halo launch at the time, bringing in over $400 million in sales in its first week. (For comparison, the highest-grossing movie in history, 2009's Avatar, had an opening week of $137 million.)
Jinnouchi left Microsoft in 2018. Today, he and Toda both work as freelancers, and have collaborated on Marvel's Iron Man VR and many animated series, such as Ultraman, Ghost in the Shell SAC_2045, and Star Wars: Visions. They're currently working on a Japanese animated film as well as a major superhero franchise video game, due out in 2024.
Kazuma Jinnouchi 02
Image by James Day
During a busy August that found one or both of them in Tokyo, London, Prague, Kuala Lumpur, or Seattle, Toda and Jinnouchi dialed into a video call to talk about their music backgrounds, scoring a franchise game, trends in video game music, advice they'd give to aspiring video game composers, what they listen to when they drive, and more. Jinnouchi, who's lived in Seattle for 11 years, provided some translation for Toda, who's been primarily based in Tokyo. The interview has been edited for length and clarity.
Tell me about your early experiences with music. How old were you when you began playing instruments? Kazuma Jinnouchi: This goes back to elementary school, but I originally wanted to start taking piano lessons just because I was fascinated by the instrument by watching my teacher play. I was really small at the time so my parents didn't know if I would continue to be interested in that kind of musical instrument, so that request got rejected. Later, when I was in the third grade, I was looking at this picture of the flute. I think it was in the newspaper. And I thought it looked really cool I made the request again: Hey, if its flute, can I go take lessons? and then they said yes.
Nobuko Toda: I grew up in a very poor family. My father reduced his own allowance so that I could learn to play the piano and organ. When I started attending classes, my father picked up a small foot-pedal organ from somewhere and I played it every day. I had an electronic organ and the piano. I don't exactly remember how I started playing those instruments, but my mother told me that when I was very young I pointed out a picture of an electric organ in the newspaper and said I wanted to play it. I started playing for fun. I also would read picture books and then write original music to the book. I really liked to make storybooks too.
For quite a while I was self-taught on the instrument. The same for composition, for writing music. But when I wanted to enter a competition for electric organ performance, the requirement was also to perform my own music so I was writing for that every year.
How old were you then?
Nobuko Toda 03
Image by James Day
NT: From middle school to high school, so from around 11 or 12 to 16 or 17. My dream was to be a performer who toured abroad.
Kazuma, what was your involvement in music at that age? KJ: I was continuing to take my flute lessons throughout the rest of my elementary school and middle school years, and then I started getting into coding, [into] programming things, because all my friends were playing video games on the Nintendo system and I had asked my dad if
More from Berklee
14/11/2025
Boston Conservatory Orchestra to Perform at Carnegie Hall for United Nations Gen...
14/11/2025
Berklee Alum Lewis Pickett Wins Record of the Year at Latin Grammy Awards Pickett, a 2009 graduate, was nominated six times across three categories at this ye...
08/11/2025
Berklee Artists Return to Perform at Boston Snowport Holiday Market The performances, a weekly highlight of the holiday market, are the result of a partnershi...
08/11/2025
Berklees 2026 Alumni Grammy Nominees: See the Full List From R&B and Americana to gospel, jazz, and game scoring, Berklee talent was recognized across a range...
07/11/2025
Boston Conservatory at Berklee Presents Opera Adaptation of Little Women Marc Adamo's acclaimed opera brings Louisa May Alcott's beloved story to life...
07/11/2025
Amplify Berklee Gala Raises $1.4 Million for Berklee City Music Students This year's event featured performances from student K-pop group B-Girls, the Ove...
04/11/2025
Bob Dylan Awarded Honorary Doctorate from Berklee College of Music The songwriter, performer, and cultural icon is recognized for a six-decade career that redef...
04/11/2025
Q&A with Music Alum Andrew van der Paardt The oboist and English horn player reports back from the pit of the New York City Ballet Orchestra, and tells how he...
31/10/2025
Berklee Celebrates the Inauguration of President Jim Lucchese In his inaugural address, Lucchese shared an optimistic vision for Berklee's future as a for...
29/10/2025
Berklee Valencia Talent Helps Score Alejandro Amen bar's El cautivo Faculty and alumni from Berklee Valencia's scoring for film, television, and video...
28/10/2025
Berklee College of Music and Berklee Valencia Named to Billboards 2025 Top Music...
28/10/2025
Applications Open for Berklee Fenway Neighborhood Improvement Grant Boston nonprofits can apply by December 12 for funding to support community projects that ...
25/10/2025
Spanish-Language Music Production Course Debuts at Berklee Online New 12-week online course expands access to Berklee's renowned music curriculum for Span...
24/10/2025
Springsteen: Deliver Me from Nowhere Filmed at Berklee NYCs Power Station The biopic, starring Jeremy Allen White as the Boss, focuses on the period when Spri...
22/10/2025
Samora Pinderhughes Brings Immersive Sound to Berklee's Signature Series The artist and composer, who's worked with Herbie Hancock, Robert Glasper, Co...
22/10/2025
BMI Day at Berklee Celebrates Composer Fil Eisler and Awards Scholarship to Stud...
20/10/2025
A. R. Rahman on Facing Fear and Finding the Divine In an interview with Berklee President Jim Lucchese, the Oscar-winning composer reflects on how courage and...
18/10/2025
Berklee Celebrates 40 Years of the Fall Together Concert Faculty composers Bob Pilkington and Greg Hopkins are among the featured artists for this year's ...
17/10/2025
Q&A with Boston Conservatory Choral Conductor Stephen Spinelli How his research into the lost manuscripts of composer Florence Price led to a Grammy-winning c...
16/10/2025
Student Spotlight: Alan Villanueva The graduate student and saxophonist, who performed on Natalia Lafourcades Latin Grammy-nominated Live at Carnegie Hall alb...
15/10/2025
Rakim to Join Berklee's Hip-Hop Hall of Fame at Signature Series Concert The rap icon becomes the latest inductee, following luminaries such as Roxanne Sh...
15/10/2025
Berklee Brings Live Music to the Head of the Charles Student artists will perform on multiple riverfront stages during the 60th anniversary of the world's...
11/10/2025
Dean's List: Tommy Neblett Shares His YouTube Top Five Boston Conservatory's dean of dance reveals his favorite student dance videos.
By
Sarah Godcher...
09/10/2025
Berklee Presents a Roots-Fueled Tribute to Bob Dylan The Signature Series concert will showcase Dylan's impact on songwriting and the enduring spirit of A...
08/10/2025
Michel Camilo Scholarship Competition Returns to Santo Domingo Berklee will award a full-tuition scholarship to a gifted instrumentalist of Dominican descent ...
03/10/2025
Applications Open for 2026 Next Jazz Legacy Cohort Emerging jazz artists are encouraged to apply to the mentorship program by October 31.
By
Tori Donahue
O...
02/10/2025
Boston Conservatory at Berklee Adds Two New Degree Programs in Collaborative Pia...
01/10/2025
Berklee Student Attends Elite Conducting Symposium in Japan Dominican musician Alejandro Tavmed was just one of 10 people from around the globe chosen to atte...
01/10/2025
Student Spotlight: Sebastien Hollich The trombonist and film and media scoring major talks about finding mentors, writing for orchestra, and competing in the ...
01/10/2025
Berklee Student Attends Elite Composing Symposium in Japan Dominican musician Alejandro Tavmed was just one of 10 people from around the globe chosen to atten...
30/09/2025
Amplify Berklee 2025 Celebrates the Next Generation of Berklee City Music's ...
24/09/2025
Sasha Berliner Opens Berklee's Fall Signature Series The acclaimed vibraphonist and composer joins a Berklee ensemble directed by Matthew Stevens for a sp...
23/09/2025
Graduate Spotlight: Tom s M rquez The educator from San Juan, Puerto Rico, shares how he went from Berklee ABLE Assembly conference attendee to graduate stude...
19/09/2025
Berklee Alumni Nominated for the 2025 Latin Grammy Awards A total of 14 alumni, including Miguel Zen n, Elsa y Elmar, Lewis Pickett, and Nicole Zignago, earne...
17/09/2025
Six Berklee Alumni Win Emmy Awards The recipients were recognized for their contributions to acclaimed programs Severance, The Studio, The Penguin, SNL50: The...
17/09/2025
Applications Open for Berklee in Santo Domingo The weeklong contemporary music program will run January 5-10, 2026.
By
Colette Greenstein
September 17, 2025
...
17/09/2025
Ukrainian Students Find Creative Consonance' at Berklee Valencia Through ELIA's UAx Platform, six students from Kyiv joined Berklee Valencia for a week...
12/09/2025
The Best Fictional Bands (and the Artists Who Make Them Great) With Spinal Tap II: The End Continues hitting theaters and songs from KPop Demon Hunters ruling...
10/09/2025
Boston Conservatory Wind Ensemble Presents Autumn Walk The free concert, part of Brass Festival Weekend, is the first Center Stage performance of the fall sem...
10/09/2025
Berklee Announces BEATL, New Innovation Hub for Music Technology Mark Ethier, iZotope cofounder whose software is used by millions of musicians, joins as exec...
05/09/2025
Alum Esin Ayd ng z Pens Nevermore Alma Mater' for Netflix's Wednesday The Grammy-nominated composer appears on this season's soundtrack alongside...
05/09/2025
Boston Conservatory at Berklee Announces Five-Year Partnership with The Verdon F...
05/09/2025
Alum Esin Ayding z Pens Nevermore Alma Mater' for Netflix's Wednesday The Grammy-nominated composer appears on this season's soundtrack alongside...
04/09/2025
Watch the Benn Family Band Perform I Wont Give Up on Americas Got Talent Assistant Professor Loren Benn and her family gave an emotional live performance of t...
04/09/2025
Boston Conservatory at Berklee Welcomes 15 New Faculty Members The new hires bring expertise in a wide range of subjects, including Indian classical dance, el...
28/08/2025
Dr. Rhoda Bernard Releases Groundbreaking Debut Book on Accessible Arts Educatio...
28/08/2025
Boston Conservatory at Berklee Announces Center Stage Performances for 2025-2026...
27/08/2025
Lara Pellegrinelli Named Berklee Institute of Jazz and Gender Justice Visiting S...
25/08/2025
The Berklee-Spelman Exchange Program Enters Year Three The initiative celebrates the contributions of African American women to jazz and contemporary music.
...
23/08/2025
$2.2 Million Donation Fuels Next Phase of Berklee Bridge The anonymous gift will amplify the impact of the student success initiative built to support student...