DDoS, Web Attacks Surge; Repeat Attacks Become the Norm

Web application attack activity While the number of web application attacks increased by 28% over the last quarter, the percentage of web application attacks sent over HTTP vs. HTTPS has remained relatively consistent for two quarters - 89% via HTTP in Q4 vs. 88% via HTTP in Q3.

The most frequently observed attack vectors for the quarter were LFI (41%), SQLi (28%) and PHPi (22%), followed by XSS (5%) and Shellshock (2%). RFI, MFU, CMDi, and JAVAi attacks comprised the remaining 2%. The relative distribution of the attack vectors over HTTP vs. HTTPS was similar, with the exception of PHPi; PHPi was seen in just 1% of the attacks over HTTPS.

Fifty-nine percent of the Q4 web application attacks targeted retailers, vs. 55% in Q3. The media & entertainment and hotel & travel industries were the next most frequently targeted, with 10% of the attacks each. This represents a change from Q3, when the financial services industry was the second most-targeted industry (15% of attacks), compared with just 7% of the attacks this quarter.

Continuing a trend from last quarter, the US was both the main source of web application attacks (56%) as well as the most frequent target (77%). Brazil was the next biggest attack source (6%) as well as the second most targeted country (7%), which seems to be related to the fact that a large cloud Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) provider opened new data centers there. Since the opening of the data centers, Akamai has seen a large increase in the amount of malicious traffic coming out of Brazil, and specifically from the aforementioned data centers. Most of those attacks were against a Brazilian customer in the retail industry.

For the Q4 report, we identified the top 10 sources of web application attack traffic by ASN, and analyzed the corresponding attack types, payloads and frequency. A description of 10 of the more interesting attacks - and their payloads, is included in Section 3.6.

Web application attack metrics

Compared with Q3 2015

28.10% increase in total web application attacks

28.65% increase in web application attacks over HTTP

24.05% increase in web application attacks over HTTPS

12.19% increase in SQLi attacks

Scanning and probing activity Malicious actors rely on scanners and probing to perform reconnaissance on their targets before launching attacks. Using firewall data from the perimeter of the Akamai Intelligent Platform, our analysis showed the most popular ports for reconnaissance were Telnet (24%), NetBIOS (5%), MS-DS (7%), SSH (6%), and SIP (4%). The top three sources of scanning activity were all located in Asia, as determined by ASN. We also saw active scanning for reflectors to abuse, including NTP, SNMP, and SSDP.

By looking at the top reflection sources by ASN, we saw that the most heavily-abused network reflectors were in China and other Asian countries. While most SSDP attacks tend to be from home connections, NTP, CHARGEN, and QOTD are generally from cloud hosting providers where those services run. SSDP and NTP reflectors were the most often abused reflectors at 41% each, followed by CHARGEN (6%) and RPC (5%). SENTINEL and QOTD followed at 4% each.

Download the report A complimentary copy of the Q4 2015 State of the Internet - Security Report is available for download at www.stateoftheinternet.com/security-report.

About stateoftheinternet.com Akamai's stateoftheinternet.com shares content and information intended to provide an informed view into online connectivity and cybersecurity trends as well as related metrics, including Internet connection speeds, broadband adoption, mobile usage, outages, and cyber-attacks and threats. Visitors to stateoftheinternet.com can find current and archived versions of Akamai's State of the Internet (Connectivity and Security) reports, the company's data visualizations and other resources designed to help put context around the ever changing Internet landscape.

About Akamai As the global leader in Content Delivery Network (CDN) services, Akamai makes the Internet fast, reliable and secure for its customers. The companys advanced web performance, mobile performance, cloud security and media delivery solutions are revolutionizing how businesses optimize consumer, enterprise and entertainment experiences for any device, anywhere. To learn how Akamai solutions and its team of Internet experts are helping businesses move faster forward, please visit www.akamai.com or blogs.akamai.com, and follow @Akamai on Twitter.

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