Shooting "The Tudors"
Emmy Award winning DP Ousama Rawi Discusses The Look of Showtime's Global Hit And Why He Uses Panavision's Genesis Camera System
By Skip Ferderber
Ousama Rawi - Ossi to his friends and colleagues - is finicky, almost to the point of being fanatical, about the way his images look when he's shooting a production. As the cinematographer on Showtime's The Tudors, now in its third season on cable and production underway on Season Four, Rawi takes great pride in the filmic look of the series, which captures a range of intense settings from sun swept castle exteriors to candle lit boudoirs.
Rawi has worked hard to make digital cinematography systems deliver the elegant look he wanted for Tudors. But it was not until he spent Season Three working with the Panavision Genesis digital cinema system that he realized what he has been missing in the first two seasons.
Season 1 and 2. . . I got a lot of kudos, and attention, he said in a recent interview, but I knew I could do better if only I had the Genesis.
The Tudors look has been one of the major factors in the series' global success, and has earned Rawi a raft of awards from his peers including the Canadian Society of Cinematographers (CSC) and Canadian Gemini awards, both in 2008 and 2009, and most recently, a 2009 U.S. Emmy from the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences.
He shot the first two seasons with a Sony F900 camera (rented from Panavision), switched to Genesis for Season Three, and is currently shooting Season Four with Genesis on location in Ireland.
Most viewers may not notice the differences from season to season because he worked long and hard to establish the look and to keep it consistent no matter what is close to his/her final intent, and communicate that look throughout the entire post production process.
The GDP has the capability of accepting and generating lookup tables (LUTs), which camera he used. One of the differences is I can achieve it far more quickly, therefore easily [with Genesis]. If it took me 20 minutes to balance an interior with a view out the window [hotspots], with the Genesis it would take me half the time because I'd have far less balancing to do simply because of the exposure latitude.
It enables him to complete his planned setups so rapidly that the director has more golden time for experimenting: in other words, shooting more like a film without adding to the daily budget.
A variety of technological improvements makes the Genesis better for his production, according to Rawi:
Genesis' ability to work in full 4:4:4 color space.
Exposure latitude. Rawi measures the Genesis latitude at 11.5 stops. Because he shoots both interiors and exteriors, including many where hot spot clipping is a continual threat (e.g., bright sunny skies; a dark candle lit room with an exterior window, shot on location and shot during the day), he needs the extra latitude that Genesis provides.
The size of the Genesis sensor, enabling him to film with 35mm lenses (such as Panavision Primos) and establish shots with the shallow depth of field familiar to cinematographers on film shoots. Before using Genesis, he noted, to shoot exteriors with the aperture wide open, I had to put so much filtration in front: neutral densities, polarizers and all sorts of other light blocking filters in front of the lens: all that glass, so I [could] create some shallow depth of field. With Genesis, because I was using regular 35mm lenses I could filter it as if I was shooting 35mm film: just a simple polarizer and an 85 filter was enough and I had a decent F stop there.
Genesis is a relatively compact camera, easily placed on a Steadicam mount for going through doorways and/or in the cramped quarters of a 4'x4' Tudor carriage. You try to shoot a carriage interior when 3'2 of this space is taken up by the camera before you've got an actor in there, he laughed. Also, when in Steadicam mode, the ability to use the new SSR capture system on the camera instead of having the tape deck attached to the camera by an umbilical cord and carried by a grip, was a huge benefit for the Steadicam operator. With the significantly reduced weight of the camera, the whole camera system was self contained on the Steadicam mount just like on a film shoot. In the Tudors series, where so much depends on delivering the look and feel of an era centuries before the advent of electric lights, where candle light or torches were the only interior illumination in darkness, a great many of the scenes are lit in low key light. This results in many deep shadow areas within a scene. It's a well known fact that deep shadows and blacks in low key situations will increase the potential for video noise. The avoidance or elimination of video noise is therefore essential for maintaining picture quality. Rawi gave the Genesis high marks in this area. There was a distinct lack of noise, he continued. It's got remarkable low level of noise; that's a huge plus. I do use artificial lighting, of course, [even if] it's only to supplement the candle light, the images lit by flambeau, a torch or a fireplace. So I don't use any lights that are brighter for my night interiors. None of my lights that I use on the set are brighter than any of the flames. That way, a lit candle looks like the brightest thing on the set. In post production, using Genesis has changed the paradigm of how the show is assembled, Rawi noted. At C.O.R.E. ____in Toronto_____, where the digital effects are completed, CGI work goes much faster because the source material is virtually uncompressed and 4:4:4, the format in which they create and develop their effects. Footage from previous seasons arrived from the set in 4:2:2, requiring up converting to 4:4:4 to
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Shooting "The Tudors" 
