AALEN/Germany, 03.05.2018. Each year at the beginning of March, members of the eye care industry convene in Shanghai for the largest trade fair in Asia devoted to good vision and healthy eyes. One particularly alarming trend has opticians, optometrists, ophthalmologists and eyeglass manufacturers worried: the increasing prevalence of near-sightedness among Asian children and teenagers. This includes progressive myopia, a form of near-sightedness that becomes more severe over the years and can lead to high myopia. In Asia, almost nine out of ten children are myopic 1. Unlike those with normal vision, people with myopia often have elongated eyes (axial myopia). Progressive myopia can cause longitudinal growth over more than ten years, extending the eye by several millimeters and leading to values of up to -12 diopters. The most distant point a person with such poor vision can see clearly is just 8 cm away from the eye. Myopia simplex usually develops in children aged ten to 12 and is hereditary. This generally does not lead to values greater than -6 diopters. Progressive myopia is particularly prevalent in Asia. Urbanization and digitalization are supposed to be responsible for the spread of near-sightedness. As a consequence, children are not exposed to enough natural light necessary for healthy eye development especially in late childhood and adolescence. Spending just 45 minutes outside can reduce the progression of myopia by 25 percent. A study from Taiwan reported 50 percent effectiveness with this simple method. Without the stimulus provided by natural light which probably boosts the production of dopamine on the retina the human eye tends to become myopic. This problem is further exacerbated by school attendance and the extensive use of digital devices, which forces the eye to adapt to near-vision work, i.e. to accommodate a short distance over a long time period. Myopia begins to develop in childhood and usually stops after puberty. Insufficient exposure to daylight increases the likelihood of developing myopia by a factor of 5, while additional near-vision work can make it almost 16 times more likely 3.
In addition to limiting natural vision, near-sightedness poses an elevated risk of severe eye diseases. The elongation of the eye increases the likelihood of retinal detachment, a gray clouding of the eye (cataract), and excessive eye pressure (glaucoma). With near-sightedness of -6 diopters or more, the risk of suffering from macular degeneration also increases, which can lead to serious visual impairments and ultimately causes blindness.
Previous treatment options have ranged from contact lenses and drops made from pharmaceutical methods to special eyeglass lenses
For myopia simplex, eyeglass and contact lenses as well as laser correction for adults eyes are standard means of correcting a persons vision. "Globally, more and more treatment options are being tested and researched for progressive myopia," says Sven Hermann, CSO/CMO of ZEISS Vision Care. "Thus far, no one has found a catch-all solution for myopia, but optical and pharmaceutical methods as well as those focused on behavioral factors are available." Eyeglass lenses are the most common form of correction, although those lenses specially developed for myopia correction have proven more effective than single vision lenses 4.
Current treatment methods include orthokeratology, where the patient wears contact lenses during the night. These reshape the curvature of the cornea and slow down the longitudinal elongation of the eye. Soft contact lenses that ensure a clear image at the fovea but not on the retina are also used. Pharmaceutical methods like atropine eye drops (atropine is found in deadly nightshade and has long been used in cosmetic and medical products because it dilates the pupil) have proven effective for myopia, but too little research has been done on the long-term success and side effects. Eyeglasses are the most common method, because these do not present the risks and side effects associated with other solutions. A change in lifestyle is always recommended. "The more time children and teenagers spend outside, the better that goes for everyone. Natural light provides the stimulation necessary for the eyes development," says Hermann. "There is still no treatment for stopping high myopia progression that provides sustainable long-term outcomes. That is why we talk about Myopia Management. We can give parents an effective tool so that their childs near-sightedness remains manageable while preventing subsequent visual impairments or eye diseases as much as possible."
Expanded ZEISS Myopia Management Lens Solutions available starting in 2018
ZEISS is focusing on further developing eyeglass lens technology to manage progressive myopia. Two different designs have been shown to manage myopia progression. ZEISS will offer these in a portfolio for China and other Asian markets starting in 2018.
The idea of peripheral defocus forms the foundation for ZEISS MyoVision. With a myopic eye, eyeglass lenses are used to ensure that distant objects appear in focus in the visual center of the brain. The image on the periphery is formed just behind the retina. This is called peripheral defocus or peripheral hyperopic shift, and it sends a signal to the eye to elongate and thus increase myopia. The optical design of ZEISS MyoVision corrects a persons vision so that the image appears clear at the center (fovea) and is corrected in the periphery. For people with progressive myopia, this can slow the longitudinal grow of the eye ball and thus might counteract the progression of short-sightedness in the period studied 5.
The high acceptance rate and wearer tolerance of the first special corrective eyeglass lens for children with progressive myopia in Asia l
