Robotic glove gives tactile feedback in VR...

(Credit: UC San Diego)

Engineers at UC San Diego in the U.S. are using soft robotics technology to make light, flexible gloves that allow users to feel tactile feedback when they interact with virtual reality environments. The researchers used the gloves to realistically simulate the feeling of playing a virtual piano.

Engineers recently presented their research, which is still at the prototype stage, at the Electronic Imaging, Engineering Reality for Virtual Reality conference in California.

Currently, VR user interfaces consist of remote-like devices that vibrate when a user touches a virtual surface or object. They're not realistic, said Jurgen Schulze, a researcher at the Qualcomm Institute at UC San Diego and one of the paper's senior authors. You can't touch anything, or feel resistance when you're pushing a button. By contrast, we are trying to make the user feel like they're in the actual environment from a tactile point of view.

Other research teams and industry have worked on gloves as VR interfaces. But these are bulky and made from heavy materials, such as metal. The glove the engineers developed has a soft exoskeleton equipped with soft robotic muscles that make it much lighter and easier to use.

This is a first prototype but it is surprisingly effective, said Michael Tolley, a mechanical engineering professor at the Jacobs School of Engineering at UC San Diego and also a senior author.

One key element in the gloves' design is a type of soft robotic component called a McKibben muscle, essentially latex chambers covered with braided fibers. The muscles respond like springs to apply force when the user moves their fingers. The board controls the muscles by inflating and deflating them.The system involves three main components: a Leap Motion sensor that detects the position and movement of the user's hands; a custom fluidic control board that controls the gloves' movements; and soft robotic components in the glove that individually inflate or deflate to mimic the forces that the user would encounter in the VR environment. The system interacts with a computer that displays a virtual piano keyboard with a river and trees in the background.

Researchers 3D-printed a mold to make the gloves' soft exoskeleton, this will make the devices easier to manufacture and suitable for mass production. Researchers used silicone rubber for the exoskeleton, with Velcro straps embedded at the joints.

Engineers conducted an informal pilot study of 15 users, including two VR interface experts. Those who took part described the experience as mesmerising and amazing.

The engineers are working on making the glove cheaper, less bulky and more portable. They also want to bypass the Leap Motion device altogether to make system more compact.

Our final goal is to create a device that provides a richer experience in VR, Tolley said. But you could imagine it being used for surgery and video games, among other applications.

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