My entire life, I have felt a connection to the Middle East. So much so that whenever I meet someone from that part of the world, I inevitably ask, Where are you from? When did you get here? Do you still have family there?
Ep. 4, Loghmeh: Whole Animal Roasts & Middle-Eastern Culinary Traditions
These questions are almost always met with an apprehensive look; the same look you might give someone when they ask you about politics at a bar. I counter by explaining that my grandfather, Kenneth Robbins was from the Middle East and that his last name was given to him when he came to the United States. They look at me with even more skepticism; I look nothing like someone from that part of the world. I am a 6'1'', blonde-haired, blue-eyed white guy who grew up in Torrance, California.
However, it is true. My mother's father was born in the Middle East to an Assyrian family close to Lake Urmia, which is now in the Northern part of Iran. My grandfather came to the United States when he was 13 to escape the Assyrian genocide that occurred during World War I. The story of my grandfather's journey has been passed down through the generations, like The Odyssey must have been before it was physically written. But that's a story for another time. Right now, I'm going to discuss the Middle East and its presence in my current city, Los Angeles.
The history of the Middle East can be traced to nearly the beginning of humanity and civilization as we know it. For as long as I can remember, I was told that the Middle East is the cradle of civilization.
Photo: Katrina Frederick
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As the rise of civilizations transformed the region's agricultural landscape, the Middle East secured a vital role in food history. Evidence of the earliest forms of plant domestication have been found in what we call the Fertile Crescent - an area that consists of modern-day Syria, Lebanon, Northern Egypt, Israel and Southern Iraq. As empires grew, more time was spent refining how food was cooked and consumed, a transition seen in two ancient tablets dated at 1550 BC. Made from clay, the texts-tablets have proven to be the oldest examples of cookbooks from Babylon and contained recipes for dishes that were passed down for generations. In all likelihood, these recipes weren't meant for the common person, given that most people ate the same food every day. The luxury of food choice was left to the wealthy who had access to abundant resources.
The location of the Middle East also contributes to the region's rich culinary history. At a geographic crossroad between Asia, Africa and Europe, the area served as the conduit that connected trade routes between empires on the famous Silk Road. Along this route, diverse goods were traded, permanently transforming the cuisines of participating areas.
From 130 BCE till 1453 CE, the foods of the Middle East were widely sought out. Deep flavored spices such as coriander, cinnamon, cassia, turmeric, saffron and garlic were popular and became building blocks of the regional cuisine. Much of the protein in the area at this time was neither fatty nor flavorful and came from ruminant animals. Historically, we see cows and goats in many Middle-Eastern recipes out of a principle of sheer practicality: use the protein that's most prevalent - and use it all. Traditionally, goats are slow roasted whole over a fire, adding tenderness and smoke, allowing for the deep flavors of the spices to penetrate the meat. Early culinary traditions such as these were based upon survival, but continue today through religious practices.
Chef Debbie Michail performing a whole animal roast. | Photo: Katrina Frederick
Over the last 100 years, these cooking techniques have also made their way to the City of Angels by the hands and hearts of a diverse Middle-Eastern population. The story of people migrating from the Middle East to the United States is no different than the stories of other migrants leaving their countries in search of a better life. During World War I, a large wave of Christians fled the region to escape religious persecution. Although my grandfather ended up in Detroit, a great many more moved to California's Central Coast. In the 1950s and 60s, many Persians came to the United States to study at universities, laying the groundwork for another influx of Persians after the ousting of the Shah of Iran in the late 1970s and early 80s. Similarly, a large Lebanese population came to Los Angeles during the 1980s and 90s to elude the 15-year civil war that plagued the state. Today, the city's climate continues to make it a welcoming destination for Middle-Easterners immigrating to the West Coast. No matter the era, however, they continue to bring their fantastic cuisine.
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The wonderful variations of shawarma available throughout Los Angeles provide a perfect example of the profound impact Middle-Eastern immigrants have had on the city's culinary landscape. Shawarma has been used to identify a person's religion throughout the world, with the type of protein it contains identifying the religion that is being practiced. My love for this spit-roasted meat began when I moved to Mexico in my mid-twenties. The Mexican version of shawarma is called al pastor, and is usually made with pork. The Middle-Eastern iteration we see around Los Angeles is usually made from chicken, beef or lamb that has been marinated in spices, lemon, tahini and other ingredients, depending upon the maker. Once the meat has been layered onto a spit, it is roasted over an open flame and carved off when it is crispy and flavorful. Instead of the tortillas used with al pastor tacos, shawarma i
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My entire life, I have felt a connection to the Middle East. So much so that whenever I meet someone from that part of the world, I inevitably ask, Where are you from? When did you get here? Do you still have family there? 
