When two technologies converge, they can create something new and wonderful - like cellphones and browsers were fused to forge smartphones.
Today, developers are applying AI's ability to find patterns to massive graph databases that store information about relationships among data points of all sorts. Together they produce a powerful new tool called graph neural networks.
What Are Graph Neural Networks? Graph neural networks apply the predictive power of deep learning to rich data structures that depict objects and their relationships as points connected by lines in a graph.
In GNNs, data points are called nodes, which are linked by lines - called edges - with elements expressed mathematically so machine learning algorithms can make useful predictions at the level of nodes, edges or entire graphs.
What Can GNNs Do? An expanding list of companies is applying GNNs to improve drug discovery, fraud detection and recommendation systems. These applications and many more rely on finding patterns in relationships among data points.
Researchers are exploring use cases for GNNs in computer graphics, cybersecurity, genomics and materials science. A recent paper reported how GNNs used transportation maps as graphs to improve predictions of arrival time.
Many branches of science and industry already store valuable data in graph databases. With deep learning, they can train predictive models that unearth fresh insights from their graphs.
Knowledge from many fields of science and industry can be expressed as graphs. GNNs are one of the hottest areas of deep learning research, and we see an increasing number of applications take advantage of GNNs to improve their performance, said George Karypis, a senior principal scientist at AWS, in a talk earlier this year.
Others agree. GNNs are catching fire because of their flexibility to model complex relationships, something traditional neural networks cannot do, said Jure Leskovec, an associate professor at Stanford, speaking in a recent talk, where he showed the chart below of AI papers that mention them.
Who Uses Graph Neural Networks? Amazon reported in 2017 on its work using GNNs to detect fraud. In 2020, it rolled out a public GNN service that others could use for fraud detection, recommendation systems and other applications.
To maintain their customers' high level of trust, Amazon Search employs GNNs to detect malicious sellers, buyers and products. Using NVIDIA GPUs, it's able to explore graphs with tens of millions of nodes and hundreds of millions of edges while reducing training time from 24 to five hours.
For its part, biopharma company GSK maintains a knowledge graph with nearly 500 billion nodes that is used in many of its machine-language models, said Kim Branson, the company's global head of AI, speaking on a panel at a GNN workshop.
LinkedIn uses GNNs to make social recommendations and understand the relationships between people's skills and their job titles, said Jaewon Yang, a senior staff software engineer at the company, speaking on another panel at the workshop.
GNNs are general-purpose tools, and every year we discover a bunch of new apps for them, said Joe Eaton, a distinguished engineer at NVIDIA who is leading a team applying accelerated computing to GNNs. We haven't even scratched the surface of what GNNs can do.
In yet another sign of the interest in GNNs, videos of a course on them that Leskovec teaches at Stanford have received more than 700,000 views.
How Do GNNs Work? To date, deep learning has mainly focused on images and text, types of structured data that can be described as sequences of words or grids of pixels. Graphs, by contrast, are unstructured. They can take any shape or size and contain any kind of data, including images and text.
Using a process called message passing, GNNs organize graphs so machine learning algorithms can use them.
Message passing embeds into each node information about its neighbors. AI models employ the embedded information to find patterns and make predictions.
Example dataflows in three types of GNNs. For example, recommendation systems use a form of node embedding in GNNs to match customers with products. Fraud detection systems use edge embeddings to find suspicious transactions, and drug discovery models compare entire graphs of molecules to find out how they react to each other.
GNNs are unique in two other ways: They use sparse math, and the models typically only have two or three layers. Other AI models generally use dense math and have hundreds of neural-network layers.
A GNN pipeline has a graph as an input and predictions as outputs. What's the History of GNNs? A 2009 paper from researchers in Italy was the first to give graph neural networks their name. But it took eight years before two researchers in Amsterdam demonstrated their power with a variant they called a graph convolutional network (GCN), which is one of the most popular GNNs today.
The GCN work inspired Leskovec and two of his Stanford grad students to create GraphSage, a GNN that showed new ways the message-passing function could work. He put it to the test in the summer of 2017 at Pinterest, where he served as chief scientist.
GraphSage pioneered powerful aggregation techniques for message passing in GNNs. Their implementation, PinSage, was a recommendation system that packed 3 billion nodes and 18 billion edges to outperform other AI models at that time.
Pinterest applies it today on more than 100 use cases across the company. Without GNNs, Pinterest would not be as engaging as it is today, said Andrew Zhai, a senior machine learning engineer at the company, speaking on an online panel.
Meanwhile, other variants and hybrids have emerged, including graph recurrent networks and graph attention networks. GATs borrow the attention mechanism defined in transformer m
Most recent headlines
04/08/2024
Dalet, a leading technology and service provider for media-rich organizations, is excited to announce Santiago Solanas as its new Chief Executive Officer (CEO)....
03/06/2024
Dalet, a leading technology and service provider for media-rich organizations, a...
29/04/2024
29 04 2024 - Media release Screen Australia announces James J. Robinson's debut feature First Light
First Light
Principal Photography is underway on Firs...
29/04/2024
Capitol Broadcasting recently became the inaugural company honored with inductio...
28/04/2024
Mediahaus delivers the first SRT live-streaming sports production over 5G with U...
27/04/2024
On April 26, L3Harris Chair and CEO Christopher E. Kubasik joined CNBC's Mor...
27/04/2024
PORTLAND, Oregon Audinate Group Limited, the developer of the Dante AV-over-IP solution, announced significant new additions to Dante Connect, its cloud-based D...
27/04/2024
TORONTO Bell Media has launched 10 English and French-language FAST channels featuring entertainment, factual, news, and sports programming. The new free stream...
27/04/2024
An extensive new analysis of the news segments in the broadcast evening news programs of ABC, CBS, NBC and PBS has found that broadcasters devoted most of their...
27/04/2024
GERMANTOWN, Md. EchoStar's Hughes Network Systems has opened a new manufacturing facility and private 5G incubation center in Germantown, Maryland....
27/04/2024
Harry Pappas, one of three brothers who founded Pappas Telecasting Companies in 1971, died April 24. He was 78 years old....
27/04/2024
ATLANTA and LONDON Mexican telecommunications and broadcast company Televisa has selected Synamedia for an overhaul of its broadcast distribution....
27/04/2024
Participate in the Survey - The Impact of AI on Media and the Creative Industry
Pascal Wagner April 26, 2024
0 Comments
By participating in this surve...
27/04/2024
SDVI Rally Access Workstation Earns Two Top Awards at 2024 NAB Show
Brie Clayton April 26, 2024
0 Comments
SDVI, the leading platform provider for clo...
27/04/2024
Berklee's Music and Health Institute Launches Community Health Musician Cert...
27/04/2024
Charter Communications reported higher first-quarter profits despite continued cord-cutting and competition for broadband customers....
27/04/2024
Two environmentally-focused groups are partnering to engage the unscripted TV world in finding better ways to address climate change. Reality of Change is an ec...
27/04/2024
Sarah Garcia has been promoted to weekend anchor at KTLM McAllen, Texas, known as Telemundo 40. Starting April 27, she will anchor Noticias Telemundo 40 weekend...
27/04/2024
CBS Sports said it launched a new 24-hour free, ad supported streaming television (FAST) channel devoted to the UEFA Champions League....
27/04/2024
Comcast chairman and CEO Brian Roberts received $35.4 million in compensation in 2023, up 11% from the previous year, according to a proxy statement filed by th...
27/04/2024
Art Happens Here With John Lithgow, which sees the actor study dance, ceramics, silk-screen printing and vocal jazz with students in Los Angeles, debuts on PBS ...
27/04/2024
Remember Leave It to Beaver? Bewitched? Dragnet? When cable ratings were rising?...
27/04/2024
Next up for the weekend binge at Catchy Comedy is Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. Every weekend, Catchy Comedy features The Catchy Binge, a marathon of a classic sitcom....
26/04/2024
Sundance Film Festival CDMX 2024 kicks-off today with screenings in 5 theaters in Mexico City and the opening-night film, FRIDA, directed by Carla Guti rrez...
26/04/2024
[Editor's Note: This interview is part of a larger feature about the women d...
26/04/2024
Once again this year, SGL Carbon opened its doors to interested children and young people. On the occasion of the German Girls and Boys Day, which took place on...
26/04/2024
Orders1 of $5.5 billion; book-to-bill of 1.06x
Revenue of $5.2 billion, up 17%,...
26/04/2024
Five Considerations For Communications Modernization In The 21st Century
In the digital-enabled battlespace, the Joint Force needs to shoot, move and communica...
26/04/2024
CBS Sports has launched Champions League as a new, 24-hour streaming channel that will serve as the year-round destination for nonstop highlights of the UEFA ...
26/04/2024
Despite tough competition in the streaming space, Roku reported solid results in Q1 2024, beating revenue expectations, with total net revenue up 19% YoY to $88...
26/04/2024
LONDON AND TORONTO Pinewood Toronto Studios has appointed Sarah Farrell as general manager of the Studios in downtown Toronto....
26/04/2024
Quantum to Offer Advanced Filesharing Technology and Performance in StorNext and...
26/04/2024
FilmLight Colour Awards welcomes 2024 entries and introduces new Emerging Talen...
26/04/2024
Picture Shop Announces Chris Evans as Head of Unscripted
Brie Clayton April 26, 2024
0 Comments
Picture Shop announced Chris Evans will lead Unscripte...
26/04/2024
Participate in a Survey - The Impact of AI on Media and the Creative Industry
Pascal Wagner April 26, 2024
0 Comments
By participating in this survey,...
26/04/2024
Toy maker Mattel said it is working with Samsung to launch its first free ad-supported streaming television (FAST) channels later this year....
26/04/2024
Trusted Media Brands (TMB) said it named Marty Moe as president....
26/04/2024
Ron Howard is the director on Jim Henson Idea Man, a documentary that premieres on Disney Plus May 31. Henson of course created Kermit the Frog, Miss Piggy, Big...
26/04/2024
The ice continues to melt under the regional sports network business as the Seattle Kraken of the National Hockey League have made a long-term deal to broadcast...
26/04/2024
Heading into the upfronts, Warner Bros. Discovery said it launched Olli, a first-party data platform advertiser can use for converged, targeted advertising camp...
26/04/2024
CBS has renewed the drama The Equalizer, which will see season five on in 2024-2025. Queen Latifah stars....
26/04/2024
The CW has entered into an exclusive multiyear broadcast partnership for the Miss USA Pageant and the Miss Teen USA Pageant. The 73rd Miss USA Pageant will air ...
26/04/2024
Fuse Media isn't mincing words in a campaign urging its young viewers to register and participate in the 2024 elections....
26/04/2024
Dead Boy Detectives, a series from Neil Gaiman about a detective agency staffed by ghosts, debuts on Netflix April 25. George Rexstrew and Jayden Revri are in t...
26/04/2024
The Story Collective has gradually repurposed the former Mortlake Brewery to include production offices, workshops and sound stages
By Matthew Corrigan
Publi...
26/04/2024
Perkett joins the company following a 25 year career in product management, product marketing, engineering and user experience (UX) across multiple industries
...
26/04/2024
Teradek, the industry leader in wireless video transmitters and receivers, announced today the launch of new Bolt 6 LT 750 and Bolt 6 Monitor Module 750 RX with...
26/04/2024
NEW YORK Amagi has appointed Richard Perkett chief product officer (CPO)....
26/04/2024
WASHINGTON, D.C. The National Association of Broadcasters (NAB) has announced the results of the 2024 NAB Radio and Television Board of Directors elections. The...
When two technologies converge, they can create something new and wonderful - like cellphones and browsers were fused to forge smartphones.
