Re-creating the past can be challenging for filmmakers, especially when tasked to duplicate the look of a particular time in history for a period movie. Add a tight budget, cramped locations, and underwater photography, and you have the situation James Chressanthis, ASC, faced as cinematographer for the movie The Watsons Go to Birmingham.
Based on the novel by Christopher Paul Curtis, the film depicts a fictional family's 1963 road trip intersecting with an actual terrorist bombing during the civil-rights era. To help with some of the film's challenging production requirements, Chressanthis used two EOS C300 Digital Cinema cameras and EF-series lenses from Canon U.S.A., Inc., a leader in digital imaging solutions.
The Canon EOS C300 camera is a lightweight camera that's very agile and easy to hold steady because it has just enough weight and bulk to it, Chressanthis said, noting that he worked with two full crews and two camera operators. Five different portions of the movie relied on the Canon EOS C300 Digital Cinema camera's compact size, high mobility, and other advantages. Those portions included interior car photography during the Watson family's road trip, a crucial scene in a tiny bathroom, a near-drowning sequence in a lake, faux home movies seen under the opening and closing credits, and the re-creation of 1963 newsreels. The newsreels required sophisticated postproduction software to degrade the superb image quality of the EOS C300 camera's footage so that it would match the flicker, dirt, and grain of actual newsreels from that era.
The wide exposure latitude of the Canon EOS C300 camera allowed us to re-create the film newsreels of 1963, Chressanthis explained. We created our own newsreel footage and flashback scenes to introduce our characters into those newsreels. All of it had to integrate with real archival newsreel footage of civil rights demonstrations, and we were quite successful in doing that.
Other imaging formats used to duplicate the look of old newsreels included Super-8mm film cameras and the Canon XF100 HD video camcorder. The Canon XF100 is a super-light camera; I call it the news journalist camera,' Chressanthis noted. It would be my camera of choice if I had to go to Afghanistan because it is so tiny. The fact that it is so tiny made it a little less stable, but I would turn its built-in Canon optical image stabilizer on or off, depending on the needs of the scene.
Grain, noise, and other image artifacts were not added to the home movie sequences shot with the Canon EOS C300 Digital Cinema cameras, Chressanthis added. We instead turned those into really clean, crisp, beautiful black & white images, which included live-action home movies of the family and still portraits that were used as freeze-frames and stills in sequence.
Road Trip
Equipped with a Canon Super 35mm CMOS sensor, outstanding Canon DIGIC DV III image processor, and a 50 Mbps 4:2:2 MPEG-2 codec for superb cinematic picture quality, the EOS C300 Digital Cinema camera delivers full 1920 x 1080 HD and a selectable ISO range of up to 20,000 for exceptional low-light performance. That low-light capability was crucial for filming long dialogue scenes inside two 1949 Plymouth sedans used to depict the Watson family's journey from Michigan to Alabama.
I was in the back seat of the second car covering the actors with the Canon EOS C300 camera, Chressanthis revealed. The lighting was very difficult because we had to balance the high contrast of the interior of the car to the exterior of the highway. Also, we were shooting an African American family, so skin tones were a concern in the shadows, and we had a very, very bright daylight exterior. Frankly, I was concerned whether the Canon EOS C300 camera could hold both the shadows and the highlights. All we had for the interior of the car was a Lite Panel LED as a fill light/eye light, which is not very powerful. What I found was that the Canon EOS C300 camera not only held the shadows and highlights, I was able to expose more for the highlights - protect the highlights - especially in the passing landscape and in the glimpses of light from the chrome on the old Plymouth. In the final color correction I also had the ability to dig into the shadows.' We got a great balance, a great image, and all of that visual material is seen in the movie.
Chressanthis employed the EOS C300 Digital Cinema camera's Canon Log setting, which helps ensure capture of the full exposure latitude that the camera's Super 35mm CMOS sensor is capable of. Canon Log Gamma image data provides the film-style dynamic range between shadows and highlights that is essential for achieving cinematic subtleties in post-production color grading.
We always shoot Canon Log, he noted. It would be crazy not to. It gives you the maximum latitude recorded on the camera. We recorded in Log C on the other digital cinematography camera, and everything intercut very, very nicely.
Steady Images
In addition to the cinematic image quality, compact size, and low-light capabilities of the Canon EOS C300 Digital Cinema camera, another crucial factor contributing to its success in capturing challenging footage for The Watsons Go to Birmingham was Chressanthis' use of Canon image-stabilized EF-Series lenses, in particular the EF 24-70mm f/4L IS USM standard zoom. With up to four stops of stabilization, the lens compensates for multiple kinds of camera shake, which can ruin a shot, especially in close quarters.
The Canon EF 24-70mm f/4L IS USM image-stabilized lens was our workhorse, Chressanthis explained. Stabilization was critical for nearly all the handheld Canon EOS C300 camera work. The 1949 Plymouth didn't have the greatest suspension, so the image stabilization on the EF 24-70mm zoom was a real plus for shooting inside
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Re-creating the past can be challenging for filmmakers, especially when tasked to duplicate the look of a particular time in history for a period movie. Add a tight budget, cramped locations, and underwater photography, and you have the situation James Chressanthis, ASC, faced as cinematographer for the movie The Watsons Go to Birmingham.
