Naughty Saint Nick: Bad Santa and Panasonic Varicam 5

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The long-awaited sequel to the 2003 holiday cult classic, Bad Santa (directed by Terry Zwigoff), Bad Santa 2 is directed by Mark Waters (Vampire Academy, Mean Girls) and once again pairs Willie (Billy Bob Thornton) and his little helper Marcus (Tony Cox), who reunite to rob a Chicago charity on Christmas Eve. Academy Award winner Kathy Bates joins the cast as Willie's foul-mouthed mother, Sunny Soke, and Brett Kelly reprises his role as Thurman Merman. The dark comedy was shot by Theo Van de Sande, ASC (Blade, Cruel Intentions, Wayne's World) with Panasonic VariCam 35 4K cinema cameras.

Van de Sande and Waters have recently collaborated on a number of projects, first working together on an Amazon pilot, Salem Rogers. When Amazon Studios asked me what camera I wanted to use, I said, That's simple, because we have very little prep time, I want to use the [ARRI] Alexa.' I know this camera well, and also my assistants know it well, explains Van de Sande. But they told us that the camera needed to have 4K resolution or more.

Cinematographer Theo Van de Sande, ASC (pictured) shot the film with three VariCam 35 bodies, using mainly Cooke S4 primes (photo by Jan Thijs)

Initially upset at being told what format to use, he remembered that over a dozen years ago - when digital cinema was in its infancy - the ASC technical committee decided to fight for a digital format that would be as good as 35mm film. We came to the conclusion that a 35mm negative had more or less 4K resolution and dynamic range of about 13-1/2 stops, explains Van de Sande. At that time, the dynamic range of HD was around 9 stops and the resolution not even 2K, so there was no comparison between the quality of digital and film.

Not long after this, Van de Sande attended Panasonic's launch of the VariCam 35 at the ASC Clubhouse. At the event, [Panasonic Senior Technologist] Steve Mahrer told me about the native 5,000 ISO setting, which had practically no noise, recalls Van de Sande. I couldn't believe it, because in order to achieve such a low light sensitivity of 5,000 ISO, you have to give something up - whether it's dynamic range, resolution, or color. I looked at the camera image on a 4K monitor and thought wow, this is indeed unbelievable.

Tony Cox, Kathy Bates, and Billy Bob Thornton (photo by Jan Thijs)

For developing the look of Bad Santa 2, Van de Sande did not use any visual references, including the original Bad Santa (shot by Jamie Anderson). He and Waters were in agreement that they didn't want the film to look like a typical comedy, especially regarding the lighting. It is a comedy but it's such a raunchy film that we wanted to give it a darker' and more human aspect, explains Van de Sande. If we had shot it as a straight comedy, it would have looked too vulgar. Billy Bob Thornton and Kathy Bates are both fantastic actors so they didn't need too much. We decided to concentrate on the performances and work more with prime lenses. I also lit the scenes moodier, almost like an indie film. We really focused on the relationship between the mother and son.

Bad Santa 2 was shot in Montreal in the winter of early 2016 with three VariCam 35 camera bodies rented from VER in Glendale, California. According to Van de Sande, his camera crew picked up the VariCam technology in no time and even had ideas on how to improve the system. One night the temperature was -28 degrees Celsius and everything fell apart, he says. The dolly stopped working and the lenses froze so you couldn't even focus. But the camera kept shooting without any protection. The VariCam comes from sports and ENG - and its technology is more rugged than traditional cinema cameras. [VariCam draws upon the 30 plus years of ruggedized ENG/EFP camera design requirements.]

The crew captured 4K AVC-Intra 444 files in V-LOG to P2 express cards (photo by Jan Thijs)

Van de Sande captured 4K AVC-Intra 444 files in V-LOG to P2 express cards. Over the years I have developed a workflow with the VariCam 35 that is very efficient, fast, and high-quality, reveals Van de Sande. Using the dual recording function of the camera, I record both 4K and 2K files. The 4K data is immediately stored on LTO tape drives for later use and the 2K files captured on Micro P2 cards are used for editing, deliverables, and everything else in post until the moment we're going to do the final color correction. The files with my LUTs, which I established in ACES on the set, are conformed to my final 4K version. Since Bad Santa 2, I've perfected this workflow even more.

My 4K/2K workflow is different than what other people are doing, continues Van de Sande. By now I have shot 60 feature films from which around 53 were finished on film. I even shot around eight films without having video replay on the set at all. I had to create the image in my head and then transfer it to film. That's basically what I still do. I light the scene and use the default VariCam Rec 709 setting in the camera as my print'. I don't even look at my V-LOG data unless I absolutely need to see if it's on my negative'. I work the same way as I did when I used film, only now I can see it on the monitor and shoot in a much shorter time frame and more precisely. In post-production, I have so much leeway that I can be stronger with my decision-making. That's why I like working with the VariCam - I can make top quality decisions at the last moment.

Van de Sande lit his scenes moodier than a typical comedy, almost like an indie film (photo by Jan Thijs)

In terms of lenses, Van de Sande shot mainly with Cooke S4 primes, as well as Angenieux Optimo zooms. He originally wanted to shoot the film in scope with Hawk anamorphic lenses. Mark laughed and said, Theo, maybe next time but this time no because we have a big

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